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PRAKASH
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COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS
Part One:
Multiple
Choices:
1. Number system is of
a. 1 type
b. 2 types
c. 3 types
d. 4 types
2. A logic gate operate on
a. 1input signal to produce output
b. 1 or more input signals to produce output
c. Memory
d. None of the above
3. Cache memory is
a. Small memory
b. Volatile memory
c. Extremely fast
d. Both (a) & (c)
4. Secondary storage of a computer system is
a. Volatile
b. Non-volatile
c. Reliable
d. Non-reliable
5. Magnetic disk is
a. Memory device
b. Indirect-access storage device
c. Direct-access storage device
d. None of the above
6. Linker is a software tool that takes
a. Decision
b. Execution
c. Multiple object program files of any software
d. Both (a) & (b)
7. Computer network is a network of computer that
a. Are geographically distributed
b. Programe wise distributed
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of the above
8. Topology refer to
a. Way in which the programs are links
b. Way in which the network’s nodes are linked together
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of the above
9. WWW refers to
a. World wide web
b. World wise web
c. World wild web
d. World west web
10. Media center computer is
a. General purpose electronic equipment for homes
b. General purpose electronic equipment for offices
c. General purpose electronic equipment for Theaters
d. None of the above
Part Two:
1. Write a short notes on “The OSI Model”?
2. Write short notes on “Touch screen”?
3. What is “Open Source Software”?
4. Write short notes on “Laser printers”?
Section B:
Caselets
Caselet 1
Over the past two years Linux has spread like wildfire through
corporate data centers. Companies once dependent on expensive proprietary
systems from Sun, IBM, or Hewlett-Packard have replaced them with dirt-cheap
Dell or no-name servers that are Intel powered and loaded with the Linux operating
system. Linux now runs almost 15 percent of all servers and is growing at about
23 percent a year. And even mainframe systems have joined in, with IBM
estimating that over 10 percent of its mainframe sales are for running Linux
applications.
Though PC users haven’t switched to Linux – less than 1 percent of
all computers run Linux – a 2002 survey by CIO magazine found that almost 30
percent of chief technologists were considering moving their companies’ PCs to
a Linux PC operating system like Lindows. Wal-Mart, which began selling
Lindows-ready PCs on its website in September 2002, had such success with that
offering that by Christmas it was having trouble meeting demand. Almost every
major PC electronics maker, from HP in printers to Epson in scanners, is making
sure it has Linux-compatible offerings. And Sun has poured millions of dollars
into its Star Office software suite, which gives Linux users programs that work
like – and more important, are compatible with – Microsoft PowerPoint, Word,
and Excel.
Backed by technology titans such as Intel, IBM, Hewlett Packard,
and Dell, Linux is just now going mainstream. From DaimlerChrysler to Tommy
Hilfiger – not to mention just about every major brokerage on Wall Street –
Linux is gaining ground. Coming from near zero three years ago, Linux grabbed
13.7 percent of the $50.9 billion market for server computers in 2002. That figure
is expected to jump to 25.2 percent in 2006, putting Linux in the No. 2
position, according to market researcher IDC. And get this: Starting in 2003,
No. 1 Microsoft’s 59.9 percent share in the backwards. Even the surprise but
shaky assault on Linux by SCO in its suit of IBM is not expected to slow the
steady growth of Linux.
Meanwhile, Linux is finding its way into countless
consumer-electronics gizmos, including Sony PlayStation videogame consoles and
TiVo TV-program recorders. “Has Linux come of age? The answer is absolutely,
positively, unequivocally yes,” says Steven A. Mills, group executive for IBM Software.
How did Linux make the jump into the mainstream? A trio of
powerful forces converged. First, credit the sagging economy. Corporations
under intense pressure to reduce their computing bills began casting about for
low-cost alternatives. Second, Intel Corp., the dominant maker of processors for
PCs, loosened its tight links with Microsoft and started marking chips for
Linux; at the same time a resurgent IBM made a $1 billion investment in Linux
compatibility across its entire product line. This made it possible for
corporations to get all the computing power they wanted at a fraction of the price.
The third ingredient was widespread resentment of Microsoft and fear that the
company was on the verge of gaining a stranglehold on corporate customers. “I
always want to have the right competitive dynamics. That’s why we focus on
Linux. Riding that were will give us choices going forward,” says John A. McKinley
Jr., executive vice-president for global technology and services at Merrill
Lynch Co., which runs some key securities trading applications on Linux.
Using open-source software like Linux is a no-brainer for many
companies. It’s stable and can be fixed easily if bugs appear, and you can’t
beat the price. But some companies and government organizations are taking
their commitment to open source a step further by actively participating in the
open-source community that develops Linux. When their developers write patches,
modifications or new implementations of open-source software for in-house use,
these organizations are releasing that new code back to the open-source
community, thereby assisting in the software’s ongoing development.
What’s the payoff? It makes for better software. “If we find a bug
or a problem, we’re interested fixing that problem. We’re also interested in
not fixing it again in the next version,” explains Robert M. Lefkowitz,
director of open-source strategy at Merrill Lynch & Co. in New York.
This is why Merrill Lunch sent the fixes it made to open-source
software during one of its projects back to the open-source community. “The way
a typical open-source project works is that there is a core team in the
open-source community with direct access to modifying the code on its central
website,” Lefkowitz says. “People who want to contribute to that community
submit their code, which is looked at by a core team and integrated if found
appropriate.”
For all contributions, Lefkowitz emphasizes the importance of
creating a corporate policy with help from the departments that could be
affected by open-source involvement. At Merrill Lynch, an eight-member
Open-Source Review Board determines when contributing is appropriate.
1. Should businesses continue to switch to the Linux operating
system on servers and mainframes? Why or why not?
2. Should the IT departments of companies like Merrill Lynch
contribute their software improvements to the open-source community for products
like Linux? Explain your reasoning?
Caselet 2
Ram construction and company’s manager like to determine the
appropriate specification for a new computer. The marketing department will use
new computer to create multimedia presentations for organization’s sales force.
The marketing department will make these presentations available to users both
on the Internet and through DVDs.
Company manager had also informed Director that company’s
information technology (IT) department will support only PC-based computers and
the Adobe Premiere Pro video editing DVD designing software package. Company’s
manager insists that Director specifications conform to these standards in
order to minimize long-term training and support costs.
1. Would you recommend Adobe’s minimum hardware specifications to
company’s manager? Why or why not?
2. Describe how the business needs shaped the hardware needs in
this problem.
Section C:
Applied Theory
1. What do you understand by Computer languages and state its
importance?
2. Explain in brief, what do you understand by “Application
Software Packages.” Provide details about “Spread Sheet Package”.
CONTACT:
PRAKASH
Mob:
+919741410271 / +918722788493
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